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2022 Saw New Verdict Directing Instructions for Violations of the Missouri Merchandising Practices Act in Light of the 2020 Amendments to the Act

With the 2020 changes to the Missouri Merchandising Practices Act came 2022 changes to the verdict directing instructions to be used to submit such claims to the jury.

Section 407.025 of the Missouri Merchandising Practices Act (MMPA) was revised in 2020, effective for all cases filed on or after August 28, 2020. Under the revised MMPA, plaintiffs now must establish that they acted “as a reasonable consumer” in light of all the circumstances and that the alleged MMPA violation would have caused a reasonable person to enter into the transaction at issue. Thus, for cases in which the prior version of the law applies, i.e., filed before August 28, 2020, a consumer’s reliance on an unlawful practice is not required under the MMPA. See Hess v. Chase Manhattan Bank, USA, N.A., 220 S.W.3d 758, 774 (Mo. banc 2007). For cases in which the new version of the law applies, i.e., cases filed on or after August 28, 2020, Section 407.025(2)(b) states, “[t]hat the method, act or practice declared unlawful by section 407.020 would cause a reasonable person to enter into the transaction that resulted in damages.” See Section 402.025(4), RSMo. To account for these changes, the Missouri Approved Instructions were amended in 2022 (effective July 1, 2022) to provide separate verdict directors depending upon whether the 2020 revisions to the MMPA apply to the particular case. The new verdict directors are as follows:


39.01 [2022 New] Verdict Directing – Violation of Missouri Merchandising Practices Act where S.B. 591 (Laws 2020) does not apply.

Your verdict must be for plaintiff if you believe:

First, in connection with the [purchase] [sale] of (here identify merchandise afforded protection under the statute), defendant (here insert the alleged method, act or practice declared unlawful by § 407.020, RSMo, such as “misrepresented the (merchandise previously identified)” or “concealed a material fact”), and

Second, plaintiff [purchased] [leased] the (insert merchandise previously identified) primarily for [personal] [family] [household] purposes, and

Third, as a direct result of defendant’s conduct, plaintiff sustained damage.

39.02 [2022 New] Verdict Directing – Violation of Missouri Merchandising Practices Act where S.B. 591 (Laws 2020) applies.

Your verdict must be for plaintiff if you believe:

First, in connection with the [purchase] [sale] of (here identify merchandise afforded protection under the statute), defendant (here insert the alleged method, act or practice declared unlawful by 407.020, RSMo, such as “misrepresented the (merchandise previously identified)” or “concealed a material fact”), and

Second, such conduct caused plaintiff, in the exercise of ordinary care, to [purchase] [lease] (here identify merchandise afforded protection under the statute), and

Third, such [purchase] [lease] was primarily for [personal] [family] [household] purposes, and

Fourth, as a direct result of defendant’s conduct, plaintiff sustained damage.